What cooler does Core i9 10900K need, and how do gaming and sustained all-core loads differ?

  The 10900K runs hot under load (all-core overclocking easily exceeds 250 W): at least a dual-tower air cooler at stock, and a 240 mm+ AIO for overclocking.

  On an old-platform build, also check for bent pins, thermal paste condition, and case airflow; those affect experience more than power-limit tweaks.